Epigraph Format: How to Use & Format in 2026

Did you know that 85% of literary novels use epigraphs to set tone and mood? Properly formatting epigraphs can significantly impact your reader's experience and engagement.

What’s an Epigraph and Why It Matters

An epigraph is a short quotation, phrase, poem, or excerpt placed at the beginning of a book or chapter to set the tone, highlight main themes, or create allusions for the reader. Typically, it appears before the main text in the front matter, serving as a literary device to prepare the reader for what’s to come.

In my experience working with authors, the distinction between an epigraph and an epigram is crucial. An epigraph is a quote used at the start of a work, while an epigram is a brief, witty statement often used for humor or satire. Understanding this difference helps in proper usage and adherence to style guides.

Historically, epigraphs have been used since classical literature to add depth and authority. Modern publishing standards, like the Chicago Manual of Style, have formalized their placement and formatting, emphasizing brevity and relevance to the themes.

Current trends favor concise, thematic epigraphs that immediately set the tone. Visual distinction through indentation, italics, or unique typography enhances their impact without overpowering the main content.

Epigraph Examples in Literature and Publishing

Famous literary epigraphs include T.S. Eliot's quotes in novels to evoke mood and themes. For example, Eliot's work often features indented, italicized quotes that set the tone for the chapter or story. Many bestsellers incorporate epigraphs to create emotional resonance or foreshadowing. For more on this, see our guide on format magic.

Publishing style variations are notable. MLA style, for instance, typically uses italicized, centered epigraphs with the author and source below, without quotation marks. In academic works following APA style, epigraphs are left-aligned, double-spaced, and also omit quotation marks. The Chicago Manual of Style recommends indenting epigraphs and optionally using smaller fonts, with attribution marked by an em dash.

In fiction, epigraphs are often set as block quotations—indented and formatted distinctly—without quotation marks, to make them stand out. For example, a novel might feature a quote from a poet at the beginning of a chapter, formatted with an em dash and right-aligned attribution.

How to Format an Epigraph in 2026

Placement is key. Typically, epigraphs are placed in the front matter, following the dedication or acknowledgments, before the chapters. The publisher's style guide or the author’s preference determines exact position, but consistency across the manuscript is essential.

Typography and style guidelines vary. Indenting as a block quotation is standard, with italics used if preferred. Quotation marks are generally avoided unless quoting a title or if the epigraph itself contains quotes. The em dash is the standard for attribution, placed right-aligned or below the quote.

In terms of style-specific formatting, MLA recommends centering and italicizing epigraphs with the author and source below, no quotes. APA style prefers left alignment, double-spacing, and attribution without quotes. CMOS suggests indenting the epigraph, optionally using a smaller font, and placing the author attribution with an em dash—usually right-justified.

When creating your epigraph, test how it looks in your manuscript using software like Word or Automateed, which can help with Format Magic Review. Ensure the quote is accurate and sourced correctly, especially when using copyrighted material, to avoid legal issues.

Creating and Selecting Effective Epigraphs

Choosing relevant quotes is vital. The epigraph should align with your book's themes and tone. Keep it concise—most epigraphs average between 25-50 words—to ensure impact without distracting the reader. For more on this, see our guide on book manuscript formatting.

Use reputable sources or public domain material to avoid copyright issues. For instance, classic poetry or historical speeches often serve as excellent sources for authentic epigraphs.

Securing permissions is necessary if you plan to use copyrighted quotes. Proper attribution is essential to avoid legal complications. When in doubt, opt for public domain or original quotes, or consider paraphrasing while maintaining the thematic intent.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Inconsistent style and formatting are common. Following style guides like MLA, APA, or CMOS ensures uniformity. During proofreading, editors verify correct front matter formatting and proper epigraph placement.

Overlong or overpowering epigraphs can disrupt flow. Keep quotes short and impactful, and use typography—indentation, italics, or smaller fonts—to enhance visibility without overshadowing the main text.

Misuse or misplaced epigraphs diminish their effectiveness. Ensure they are placed correctly in the front matter or chapter starts and only used when they add value. Reserve epigraphs for creative works or thematic emphasis, not for analytical or academic papers.

Latest Industry Standards and Trends for 2026

Digital publishing continues to evolve. EPUB format supports epigraphs with proper styling, ensuring visual consistency across devices. For print, PDF remains standard, often employing genre-specific serif fonts like Garamond or Minion Pro for a classic look.

In style guides, MLA's 9th edition emphasizes non-quoted, concise epigraphs, while CMOS recommends distinct treatment for fiction, often without quotation marks. Self-publishing authors increasingly incorporate thematic epigraphs per chapter or section to enhance reader engagement, aligning with trends observed in book examples of successful titles. For more on this, see our guide on book interior formatting.

Staying updated with evolving standards and digital formats is crucial. Proper front matter formatting ensures your book looks professional and adheres to industry norms.

Practical Tools and Resources for Formatting

Word processors like Word or design software facilitate proper indenting quotes and setting epigraph placement. Establishing styles ensures consistency across your manuscript and digital versions.

Finding and verifying quotes is also essential. Use reputable databases, such as Poets.org for poetry or Project Gutenberg for public domain texts, to source authentic epigraphs. Keep records of permissions and sources to streamline the publication process.

Automation tools like Automateed can help streamline formatting, ensuring your epigraphs adhere to style guides and are visually distinct in both print and digital formats.

Conclusion and Final Tips

Incorporating epigraphs effectively can set the mood and enhance the themes of your book. Remember to keep quotes concise, relevant, and properly formatted according to style guides like MLA, APA, or CMOS.

Always verify copyright status and use typography to make your epigraphs stand out without overpowering the main text. Consistent placement and style elevate your manuscript's professionalism and reader experience.

By paying attention to details like indentation, attribution, and thematic relevance, you ensure your epigraphs serve their purpose—setting the tone and enriching your literary work.

FAQ

What is an epigraph?

An epigraph is a short quotation, phrase, or excerpt placed at the beginning of a work or chapter to set the tone, highlight main themes, or create allusions. It is typically concise and positioned in the front matter. For more on this, see our guide on ebook formatting software.

How do you format an epigraph?

Formatting varies by style guide. Generally, epigraphs are indented as a block quotation, often italicized, with attribution marked by an em dash. They are placed in the front matter or at chapter starts, following style guides like MLA, APA, or CMOS.

What is the difference between epigraph and epigram?

An epigraph is a quote used at the start of a work or chapter, while an epigram is a brief, witty statement usually used for humor or satire. They serve different purposes and are formatted differently in style guides.

Where should an epigraph be placed in a book?

Typically, epigraphs are placed in the front matter, after the dedication or acknowledgments, and before the chapters. Proper placement ensures they set the tone effectively without disrupting flow.

Can an epigraph be a quote from a famous person?

Yes, many authors use quotes from well-known figures to lend authority or resonance. Just ensure you have permission or that the quote is in the public domain, especially for copyrighted material.

What are examples of epigraphs in literature?

Classic examples include T.S. Eliot's poetic quotes in novels or Shakespearean lines at the start of plays. Modern books also use epigraphs to evoke mood, such as opening with a line from a famous poet or philosopher.